REACH and formaldehyde: What manufacturers need to know now

With the update of the EU regulation (2023/1464), uniform EU-wide emission limits for formaldehyde in numerous products apply for the first time. Manufacturers must now prove that their products comply with these limits—a challenge for the entire supply chain. We show you how to implement REACH-compliant processes safely and efficiently. But first, the question arises:

What is formaldehyde and why is it regulated by REACH?

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a colourless gas with a pungent odour and is the simplest representative of aldehydes. The substance has been used in various industries for many decades – initially mainly as a preservative and disinfectant, and later increasingly as a component of binders and adhesives. Formaldehyde is particularly prevalent in urea-formaldehyde resins, which are used in the manufacture of wood-based materials such as chipboard, MDF and plywood. In the form of furniture and floor coverings, these materials are still among the most important sources of formaldehyde in indoor environments today.

Even low concentrations in the air can cause irritation of the eyes, nose and respiratory tract in sensitive individuals; these effects are exacerbated at higher exposure levels. Accordingly, the CLP Regulation lists several hazard statements for formaldehyde, including irritant, corrosive and skin sensitiser. Based on animal testing, the EU has also classified the substance as a category 1B carcinogen since 2014 – a risk that is particularly relevant in the case of long-term exposure to higher concentrations.

In order to avoid increased indoor concentrations and their health effects, the REACH Regulation will set binding EU-wide emission limits for formaldehyde in consumer products for the first time from August 2026.

What limits apply to the industries concerned?

The new REACH regulations distinguish between product groups and set clear emission limits:

• Wood-based products, e.g. furniture and wood-based materials: ≤ 0.062 mg/m³
• Interior fittings of road vehicles: ≤ 0.062 mg/m³
• Other products: ≤ 0.080 mg/m³

These values apply throughout the EU and replace previous, partly national regulations with a uniform standard. The decisive factor here is not the raw material used, but the actual measured emissions of the finished product. These limits are monitored in special test chambers – read more about this in our Insight REACH-compliant formaldehyde testing: steps for manufacturers.

CLP classification as a trigger for regulatory dynamics

A key factor behind this regulatory development is the classification of formaldehyde under the CLP Regulation (Classification, Labelling and Packaging). Formaldehyde is classified there as a carcinogen in category 1B.

This classification means that the substance is considered to be carcinogenic to humans. Even though formaldehyde is not currently included in the SVHC candidate list, its hazard classification means that it is subject to increased regulatory scrutiny.

The emission restriction under REACH is therefore part of a broader chemical regulatory system in which hazard assessment, risk minimisation and market regulation work together.

What does REACH mean for manufacturers?

The new REACH regulation is more than just a technical adjustment of limit values. It marks a step towards more harmonised emission requirements in the European single market.

For manufacturers, this means:

• higher requirements for documentation
• greater integration of emission measurements into quality processes
• closer integration of development, production and compliance

Companies that establish structured testing strategies at an early stage not only achieve regulatory certainty, but also position themselves for long-term stability in the market environment.

Transition periods and market impact

The new limit values apply with transition periods:

• from August 2026 for furniture and wood-based materials
• from August 2027 for interior fittings of road vehicles

This phasing-in period is intended to enable companies to adapt processes and develop testing strategies. At the same time, it creates a uniform framework across Europe that reduces distortions of competition and increases transparency along supply chains.